John Dunlop and Charles Goodyear The Inventors of Tires

The pneumatic (inflatable) rubber tires that are featured on millions of cars across the world are the result of multiple inventors working across several decades. And those inventors have names that should be recognizable to anyone whos ever bought tires for their car: Michelin, Goodyear, Dunlop. Of these, none had so great an impact on the invention of the tire than John Dunlop and Charles Goodyear.   Vulcanized Rubber According to the latest statistics, consumers purchased nearly 80 million cars between 1990 and 2017. How many are currently on the road is estimated to be about 1.8 billion—and that was in 2014. None of these vehicles  would be operational if it hadnt been for  Charles Goodyear. You can have an engine, you can have a chassis, you can have a drive train and wheels. But without tires, youre stuck. In 1844, more than 50 years before the first rubber tires would appear on cars, Goodyear patented a process known as vulcanization. This process involved heating and removing the sulfur from rubber, a substance that had been discovered in the Amazon rainforest  of Peru by French scientist Charles de la Condamine  in 1735 (although, local Mesoamerican tribes had been working with the substance for centuries). Vulcanization made rubber waterproof and winter-proof, while at the same time preserving its elasticity. While Goodyears claim to have invented vulcanization was challenged, ​he prevailed in court and is today remembered as the sole inventor of vulcanized rubber. And that became hugely important once people realized it would be perfect for making tires. Pneumatic Tires Robert William Thomson (1822–1873) invented the actual first vulcanized rubber pneumatic (inflatable)  tire. Thomson patented his pneumatic tire in 1845, and while his invention worked well, but it was too costly to catch on. That changed with John Boyd Dunlop (1840–1921), a Scottish veterinarian and the recognized inventor of the first practical pneumatic  tire. His patent,  granted in 1888,  wasnt for automobile tires, however. Instead, it was intended to create tires for  bicycles. It took another seven years for someone to make the leap.  Andrà © Michelin and his brother Edouard, who had previously patented a removable bike tire, were the first to use pneumatic tires on an  automobile. Unfortunately, these did not prove durable. It wasnt until Philip Strauss invented the combination tire and air-filled inner tube in 1911 that pneumatic tires could be used on automobiles with success. Other Noteworthy Developments in Tire Technology In 1903, P.W. Litchfield of the Goodyear Tire Company patented the first tubeless tire, however, it was never commercially exploited until it was used on the 1954 Packard.  In 1904, mountable rims were introduced that allowed drivers to fix their own flats. In 1908, Frank Seiberling invented grooved tires with improved road traction.  In 1910, B.F. Goodrich Company invented longer life tires by adding carbon to the rubber.  Goodrich also invented the first synthetic rubber tires in 1937 made of a patented substance called Chemigum.The first snow tires for passenger cars, Hakkapeliitta, was invented by a Finnish company (now Nokian) in  1936.  The tire is considered one of the best in the industry and is still in production today.

First Impressions Essay - 3194 Words

Research suggests that first impressions are created within the first few minutes of meeting someone. Discuss the factors that affect our perception of people and some of the elements that impact our accuracy or otherwise of first impressions, e.g. in an interview situation, first date, etc. People take initial information about appearance, body language, what you say and more importantly how you say it and then form a judgment very quickly as to what type of person you are. First impressions are mainly based on facial features and body language as well as various generalisations and bias which affect the accuracy of those perceptions. From physical appearance to choice in clothing; from religion and race to social class and level†¦show more content†¦This is one of the most important aspects of a positive first impression. A smile is the first thing we subconsciously look for as it shows that the person we are meeting is not a threat to us. According to Paul Ekman, we can pick up a smile from 30 meters away (Flora 2004 pg 60). A smile is the single most powerful way to make a person relax their guard and gives a more positive first impression. It shows friendliness, but not all smiles are equal and it is hard to tell the difference between a real smile and a forced smile. The difference lies in which part of the brain is used to create it. When a smile is real the message travels via the amygdala region and then to other areas in the brain which control facial muscles including those around the eyes. This tends to create more lines around the corners of the eyes and makes the eyebrow dip slightly (The human mind 2003). A forced smile takes a more direct root from another area in the brain which then triggers movement but this signal cannot reach as many muscles, especially around the eyes. (Demarais, White Alderman 2004) Recognising facial features is a remarkable ability we have from the very second we are born. According to (Etcoff, 1999) physical good looks can have a positive effect in terms of first impressions. Physical appearance plays a vital role in peoples perceptions of each other. A brief glance is all that is needed to make a judgment on how attractive a person is andShow MoreRelatedEssay First Impressions1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn every first encounter with another person, we make judgments about them almost immediately based on a few simple factors. In the first few seconds upon meeting a new acquaintance we will take in and subconsciously process their age, choice in style of clothes, hair, their posture and the way that they carry themselves. In that short time we will form subconscious opinions about them based on our own personal prejudices and bias. After the first initial visual judgment we generally move intoRead MoreThe Lasting Effects of First Impressions Essay587 Words   |  3 PagesA first impression is a lasting impression. When judging someone based on their looks or first impression, many times personality can change someone’s opinion. People judge automatically, within the first three seconds of a new encounter, even if it is just a glance. People review your visual and behavioral appearance from head to toe. They observe your demeanor, appearance, body language and even assess your grooming and accessories—purse, watch, clothing. Once the first impression is made itRead MoreAre First Impressions Misleading Impressions?1128 Words   |  4 PagesFirst impressions: Misleading impressions? First impressions can be surprisingly sticky in the observers mind. When reading the stories about John, it is perfectly plausible that some days John could be very gregarious, while on another day, feeling tired and less confident, he could be more introverted. The character attributes that are observed to draw the conclusion that John is an introvert or an extrovert are relatively superficial and arbitrary. 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Or do you see them as a person, just like you, living their life the best they know how? Our perception of people are largely based on their physical appearance and often theRead More First Impressions Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pages First impressions are very important to your every day life. They are the basis of how relationships start and how you are seen by other people. People, based on first impressions, form opinions. The opinions could begin many things and lead towards success or these opinions could be ones that are misleading and have a negative impact on how people relate to you. First impression are very important on people’s social life, in your education and in employment. In your so cial life, first impressionsRead MoreFirst Impressions Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesFirst impressions are always used in setting the tone when you first meet someone. Without the luxury of knowing the persons background, you initially judge someone by the way that person introduces themselves and how they come across to you. By coming across, I mean the way a person carries themselves. For example, if the person comes across as shy and introverted, you tend to think of that person as timid and somewhat weak. However, if that same person comes across as outgoing, confident (butRead MoreImpact of a first impression816 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of a First Impression It has commonly been stated that one is never given second chance to make a great first impression. Everyday we have numerous interactions, where opportunities come and go in an instant, like sliding doors opening and closing. Ideally, we want to seize these moments in a favorable way. It is of great importance to understand how our human behaviors effect the first impressions we give others. Importance of First Impressions By definition an impression is, â€Å"a characteristicRead MoreFirst Impressions Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesFirst impressions are what set the tone in any situation, personal or professional, and ultimately determine how we proceed behaviorally in that situation. Within a matter of seconds, a person will make their assessment of another person or a situation – an assessment that will carry through the remainder of the relationship. And while what we say may have an impact on how another person perceives us, studies have shown that much of our first impressions are based on body language. Body LanguageRead MoreThe Wave Of An Ocean Wave2283 Words   |  10 Pagesindividual will realize and form his/her own opinions, and thus come crashing down to reality. In order for an individual to recognize the truth, they have to be able to notice and see a change between the other person. When faced with an awkward first impression, a positive perspective of another person can be hard to obtain. Through the loving actions of others, people can experience a positive change of heart. Two novels that demonstrate these different characteristics are Pride and Prejudice and Beauty:

Being Human free essay sample

Bow down to your princess. Those were the silly fancies of a seven-year-old child. Ten years ago I dreamed of talking animals, dolls that could turn alive, and magic. My world revolved around fantasies that oftentimes emerged from the alternate universe of books. I wholeheartedly bought into the illusion that anything is possible and dreams do come true. So while other kids my age rejected the idea of the Tooth Fairy and jolly old Saint Nick, I firmly stood my ground. If anything was possible then a chubby old man could fit into the chimney and a fairy could exchange a tooth for a gift. Ten years later I realized how absurd my beliefs and dreams were. Santa does not exist and the gift under my pillow came not from the Tooth Fairy but, rather, from my mom. Not all dreams can come true and not anything is possible. Despite that realization, however, I still dream. We will write a custom essay sample on Being Human or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of course, I no longer dream of absurd fantasies; unicorns, wizards, Chuckie—the killer-doll—they no longer dominate my mind. I dream, rather, of success. To me, what matters most is the ability to dream. Dreams are what make us human. Dreams are what keep us striving everyday to improve our lives. Without dreams we would be nothing more than robots living in an endless cycle of repetition. Each day would be a routine. Wake up, brush teeth, go to school, eat, sleep. There would be no yearning, no desire, no want. Dreams allow me to differentiate myself from you; because our dreams differ, our path in life and beliefs will also differ. You and I, we may reach for the same sky, but we don’t reach for the same stars. We both inhabit Earth, but so long as we dream different dreams you can proudly say that you are you and I can honestly say that I am me. I do not want to wake up one day only to realize that I am nothing more than an automaton. I want to be unique. I want to be an individual. I want to be human. To fill the shell, that is my body, with my own special soul I will continue to dream.